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FM transmitter circuit with 3km Range

FM Transmitter Circuit

How to make FM transmitter circuit

What is FM transmitter circuit

The FM transmitter (Frequency modulation) circuit is made up of a single transistor or a BJT. In wireless communication, the (frequency modulation) FM carries the data or information by changing the frequency of the carrier wave as per the information or a message signal.

The FM transmitter achieves the application of (very high frequency) VHF radio frequencies of 87.5 HZ to 108 MHZ in both transmission as well as in reception of the Signal. The FM transmitter completes the most excellent volume within less power.

The performance and working of the FM transmitter circuit is dependent upon the variable capacitor and inductor. In this article, you are going to learn that how you can prepare a FM transmitter circuit and how does it work with its various applications.

Things you must know about FM Transmitter

The FM transmitter is a circuit that uses a very low power to operate and does uses (Frequency Modulation) FM Waves to transmit the sound. With the help of such FM transmitters we can easily transmit the audio signals through the carrier waves with different frequencies.

The frequency of the carrier wave would be the same as for the audio signal with an amplitude. The FM Transmitter produces a range of VHF from 88 HZ to 108 MHZ.

Block Diagram for FM transmitter circuit

Components required for FM transmitter circuit are modulator, oscillator, RF-Amplifier, Audio pre-amplifier, microphone and antenna. The Diagram shows the Block diagram for FM transmitter circuit. There are two types of frequency in the signal :

  • Carrier signal (with carrier frequency)
  • Audio signal (With audio frequency)
FM transmitter circuit Block diagram
FM transmitter circuit Block diagram

The carrier frequency is obtained by modulating the audio signals. The (Frequency Modulation) FM signal is obtained by differentiating the carrier frequency and by allowing the Audio frequency. The transistor is used for oscillator purpose in order to obtain Radio Frequency signal.

Working of simple FM Transmitter Circuit explanation

The circuit diagram shown for FM transmitter circuit and the electronic components are the resistor, capacitor, trimmer or variable capacitor, inductor (coil), transmitter, mic, 9v of power supply or 7809 Voltage regulator (in case if you are using input voltage more than 9v) and an antenna. The mic or a microphone is assumed to grab the sound signals and there is a presence of sensor with capacitance value inside the mic. The change in pressure of air or AC signal causes in production of such capacitance.

FM Transmitter Circuit diagram
Simple FM Transmitter Circuit Diagram

The Oscillation circuit could be made with the help of Transistor 2N3904, Inductor and the variable capacitor. The Transistor 2N3904 used in FM Transmitter Circuit. It is a NPN transistor which is basically used for signal and voltage amplification purposes. If the current is passed through L1 Inductor and the variable capacitor, the FM Transmitter Circuit will start oscillating with the resonant to that of the carrier frequency (I.e frequency of the carrier signal).

The negative current or the negative feedback will result C2 Capacitor to the Transmitter Circuit. The oscillator is required in FM Transmitter Circuit in order to generate the radio frequency carrier waves. The transmitter circuit is capable of storing the energy for the oscillation as it is a derived from the (inductor and capacitor) LC circuits. The audio I.e input signal obtained from the mic is passed through the base of the transistor in order to modulate the output signal of the LC circuit in FM (I.e frequency modulation wave) Form.

Here, the main purpose of the variable capacitor becomes that to vary the resonant frequency in order to obtain the best FM Signal Frequency band. The modulated signal is then transmit or radiated as a radio wave with the frequency of FM frequency range. The antenna is nothing but a piece of good conductor, in our application we’d used a copper wire of 30cm long and 26 gauges thick. You can use copper wire up to 25-27 inches long as an antenna in the circuit, the length of the antenna however must be significant.

Application of FM Transmitter Circuit

  • FM Transmitter Circuits are used in a sound system as a signal transmitter.
  • These are used in wireless components for vehicles and offices.
  • The circuits are used to make FM transmitters used to reduce the noise in certain places.

Advantages of FM Transmitter Circuit

  • The FM Transmitter Circuit could be made very easily as the very common components are used which are very cheap and easily available.
  • Above circuit gives the very high efficiency in transmitting signal in a shorter range.
  • The circuit is best suited for demonstration and fm transmitter circuit project.
  • The circuit does have a large and complicated components.
  • The transmitter circuit is capable to neglect the noise signal through the amplitude variation.

Disadvantages of FM Transmitter Circuit

  • In above FM Transmitter Circuit, there is a large wider channel needed.
  • With the Circuit, the transmitter as well as the receiver tends to become more difficult.
  • The received signal gets poor quality as there an interference occurs in the medium.
  • The above circuit is not good enough for high power fm transmitter circuit purpose.

After making the FM Transmitter Circuit you will be able to understand the basic working and application of the transmitter. Hope the article helped you. Feel free to share about how do you like or your queries in a comment below.

104 thoughts on “FM transmitter circuit with 3km Range”

    • Actually transmitting radio wave without a government approval is prohibited in most of the places. However, you do can use the transmitter circuit in your projects and indoor applications. You will need to have a shorter range or fm transmitter.

      Reply
    • well in this circuit we can’t define the frequency its transmitting. You can calibrate the variable capacitor in order to point at its corresponding frequency, However i do not see any way to just see the frequency which we transmit through it.

      Reply
  1. I was looking forward to make fm transmitter circuit using ic 555. Is it possible the way you did it with the help of a transistor ?

    Reply
  2. Look what did i found!
    You can increase the antenna’s height and the range of the capacitor and make the fm transmitter circuit for upto 10 km!

    Reply
  3. Can Anyone suggest me a fm transmitter design which would be be very stable and can hold a good amount of Watts output power ?
    Also the transmitter must be very stable and touching it or placing high amount or metals near by would not effect its signal while transmitting.

    Please suggest me a better circuit design.

    Reply
    • What you suggest requires a complicated design. The transmitter circuit we’ve shown in the post is just for generic purpose. You can find plenty other high efficiency fm transmitter circuit on the internet.

      Reply
  4. what are some important application on fm transmitter circuit other than transmitting signal for radio communication ? i’ve heard that they’re used in our appliances like home-theater etc.

    Reply
  5. Hi, i just made the circuit in the video but it seems to bounce the signal. i need a Help simulating FM transmitter circuit

    Reply
  6. I live in Bolivia, its silly but i donot know if transmitting radio signal is allowed in my country or is it prohibited.

    Reply
  7. Hi i want to make an fm transmitter so that i can transmit the song from my laptop and guitar in all around my home. Also would that be legal ?

    Reply
  8. You will in any case find that simulation is not usually all that useful with these kinds of circuits as they are far too sensitive to parasitics. I would suggest just dead bugging the thing on a bit of copper clad (use the copper clad board as the ground plane), but be prepared to be very disappointed about range, I am thinking a few meters at best.

    Reply
  9. The article says that transistor 2N3904 is used for amplification purposes in ascillator circuit. But there is no such transistor in circuit diagram.
    Please explain how to insert this transistor in circuit.

    Reply
  10. I been trying this so long and I have fail ,pls I need someone who will teach me , my WhatsApp no +234********75

    Reply

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